Suddenly, dizziness seized him.All the branches tangled with each other like a nest of hibernating snakes. It took forever to get himself situated and begin. A quadrat measuring 100 by 100m was laid in each subcounty [22]. Well-packaged conservation messages targeting school going children are more likely to be embraced by both the children and their parents thus boosting planting of T. indica. In the U.S. Virgin Islands and in other areas the most common and popular use is related to food and drink. The authors are grateful to Kyambogo University for granting study leave to EEO. 2010. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L). Nobody sees them. Overflowing plates of fresh herbs and plenty of dipping sauces. Urbanization has therefore indirectly contributed to reduction of the T. indica population. Fruit bearing trees . Tamarind fruit beverage had the highest percent citation (100%) indicating it was consumed by all respondents. A violent emotion gripped him. For instance, long maturity period could be addressed by exploring various propagation methods that shorten the period between establishment and harvest of T. indica. The hammer pounded all by itself. Both mature and green tamarinds are eaten. Qualitative information was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [2325]. Aengwanich W, Suttajit M, Srikhun T, Boonsorn T. Antibiotic effect of Polyphenolic compound extracted from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) seed coat on productive performance of broilers. Stop him at any price from carrying out his plan! Data was processed using qualitative analytical methods. It has the sweetest fruit of all the three tamarind trees on our land. Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Efforts aimed at food security need to be aligned with environmental conservation to reinforce each other for effectiveness and maximum benefit to local communities. Focus group discussions commended T. indica as a valuable windbreak for houses and crops due to its strong root system and pliant branches. Department of Geography & Social Studies, Kyambogo University, PO Box 1, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Esther Ebifa-Othieno,Antony Mugisha&John David Kabasa, Department of Forestry, Bio-diversity and Tourism, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, You can also search for this author in Wild and semi-wild foods continue to form a significant proportion of the global food basket. Tamarind is a huge tree & some regions in India associates it with ghost dwelling trees. Even dry flowers are considered bad luck. p. 1516. 2005;89(4):6745. The plant is especially popular in the Indian subcontinent and in Central America and Mexico and is a common ingredient in the cuisine of those regions. Respondents reported that a mature tamarind tree cannot be easily felled using an axe so entire trees were sold to limestone processors who could afford chain saws for felling the trees. Quantitative data on key variables was analysed and expressed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). Joy Of Sharing Watch on Is it because the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking? Behind you!, The whole trees moving! May he not come haunting his near ones or the village. Public Health actions Chapter A modified form of snow-ball sampling was used to select respondents for key informant interviews [20, 21]. Harvesting was mostly done by young men and children. Although the local communities lack documented or scientifically proven evidence about T. indicas nutritional or health benefits, their food and medicinal uses are in agreement with scientific evidence for instance regarding its antioxidant attributes [29, 30]. Available from: https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf. Sensitizing women about the nutritional benefits of various T. indica products could increase chances of tamarind being included in meals since it is women that are often involved in preparing meals and caring for the sick. Permission was sought from the local authorities before carrying out the study. The National Academies Press (NAP). Yusuf AA, Mofio BM, Ahmed AB. Forgive me, he said. In the Caribbean it is widely distributed. Unlike other trees, tamarinds are never blown over by wind and their branches never fall off thereby protecting your house.. Fruit pulp was the most commonly used tamarind product. Taylor-Powell E, Renner M. Analyzing qualitative data. But very few of us know about the plants that should NOT be kept in a house, because vedic sciences and even Feng Shui consider them to bring negative energy. Bunch of wimps!, Yes we are. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. Dont turn around!, Its like theyre all coming down with him., It cant be true! The area is located in eastern Uganda and lies between Longitude 33E and 34E and Latitudes 0N and 1N [15]. 2012. p. 3083161. How can we warn him now? Morton JF. The largest section of Virgin Islands Books & Souvenirs. Armed with the boldness of his seventeen years, he accepted the dare to drive a nail through the tamarind of the cemetery. Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. The more he looked at it, the taller it seemed to grow. Or are they waiting for something else?What?Lets hammer that damn nail and get out!. Article Bharucha Z, Pretty J. Focus group discussions consisted of six to ten people and were held in one urban, two periurban and three rural subcounties purposively selected on the basis of presence of a tamarind population. Claim this business (877) 932-4259. Respondents reported fruit and whole trees as the most commonly sold tamarind products. Havinga RM, Hartl A, Putscher J, Prehsler S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR. This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. Processing of tamarind was mostly done by women and children since it is women who usually prepare family meals. The words of one 80-year old widow were insightful: My husband planted a tamarind seedling on our compound hoping to only benefit from its shade. However school age children in both rural and urban areas appreciated tamarind fruit. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers fluent in the three major dialects of the study area viz Dhopadhola, Ateso and Lunyole. There is also need to explore ways of increasing earnings from T. indica. The wood is sometimes used to make furniture and wood flooring. In the study areas T. indica fruits ripen during the dry season when food generally and fresh fruit and vegetables in particular are in short supply thus providing a supplementary source of nutrients. Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Azrina A, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA. Gently remove the plant from the pot and cut dead or damaged roots. Privacy Conserv Biol. Why me? At the end of the path, the cemetery appeared immense like an ocean. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Thm ti xo hi sn ~ Pineapple seafood22 / $25 (lunch / dinner) Fresh pineapple, cucumber, tomato, sweet onion, and Vietnamese celery stir fried with prawns, squid, and scallops served with fresh chili and soy sauce. This is a reflection of competing landuses especially in urban areas. He nailed it in! Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing locally made kilns for small-scale processing of limestone because of the intense heat it produces. The high value attached to T. indica has contributed to its continued existence in the study areas. Today tamarindade is commercialized and bottled in a carbonated form in Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Gombya-Ssembajjwe W. Indigenous technical knowledge and forest management: a case study of sacred groves (Traditional Forest Reserves), Mpigi District, Uganda. But the preferred. All rights reserved. 2008. https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20113396756.html. Bourou S, Bowe C, Diouf M, Van Damme P. Ecological and human impacts on stand density and distribution of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Senegal. Everything about VA Shiva Ayyadurai, the Indian who invented Email! Admitting youre afraid? I feel them. But their fear left them completely frozen. Restaurants. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2006. http://www.icuc-iwmi.org/. If he could plant that nail and come back unscathed! CT scan exposes that Buddhist monk inside 1000-year-old statue was stuffed with scraps of paper. [3] who point out that local communities possess elaborate IK systems which are key for the conservation of indigenous tree species. All T. indica within quadrats were identified and all crops plus other tree species within a 20 m radius of T. indica recorded. Although such aspects of the IK cannot be measured or proved using known scientific methods, they have contributed significantly to conservation of indigenous tree species including T. indica. Whats he doing now? Our campus uses open hardware as well as open learning tools and other OERs. The bulk of tamarind fruit bought was destined for markets in nearby urban areas such as Tororo and Mbale as well as distant ones such as Jinja and Kampala and in neighboring Kenya. 2010;127:57388. 1996;13:522525. He heard shouting. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. You could hear them running. Afr J Ecol. In some other regions of India, it is associated with Lord Vishnu. The tree suddenly looked like a ghost. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. http://www.scienceworldjournal.com/. He picked his courage back up, and his nail too. Planting of T. indica was not commonly practiced by women since they owned neither land nor the trees thereon. Based on this belief, it was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees. He was trying to get down as fast as he could. Driving Directions to Fort Lauderdale, FL including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local businesses along the way. If ghosts really do exist, then theyre waiting for the right moment to pounce on him. But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. Majority of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica if assured of financial benefit. A few more steps. And why has the American Right gone to war with it? If spirits really are around? Gill P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. Tamarindus indica possesses great potential to address various nutritional, health, socioeconomic and environmental constraints [7, 11, 12]. He cast a furtive glance down. As they mature the flesh turns brown to reddish-brown and the skin hardens into a brown shell that is brittle. Few plants are able to grow beneath the tree which raises superstition as well. Relative frequency of citation of the different uses provides insight into usage levels and IK possessed. Alternatively a long stick was used to remove the fruits. 206.860.1404. He forced himself to look forward. Insert the root ball in the hole and fill the soil around root ball to maintain the tree trunk above the soil line. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. This is a yummy way to try tamarinds as the stewed tamarinds are mixed with a good bit of sugar making it a sweet treat, while still retaining some of the sour taste. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Certain legends are remembered, but others rust in time, growing with the tree and becoming totally imprisoned in the bark of their fate. According to Gadgil et al. The whole tree was shaking under him. A few strands of fiber extend from the stalk around the pulp covered seeds. We accept it. A shared regret floated over them. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) use and conservation in Eastern Uganda. Accessed 14 Dec 2008. Do I climb up? They were sorry they had let him go. statement and It also contains a good chunk of fiber as well as several other micronutrients. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting. 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The majority of T. indica encountered (87%) was intercropped with other crops or trees. Traditionally, the local inhabitants bury their dead on the compound or in the homestead. It's even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce. Tall trees, if present in the East or North-East direction of the house, emanate negative energy. The tree grows to about 24 metres (80 feet) tall and bears alternate, pinnately compound (feather-formed) leaves with leaflets that are about 2 cm (0.75 inch) long. 2023 Times Internet Limited. American Chemical Society; 2009: p. 85110. 1993; 22:2/3 Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics, Policy. He didnt dare stop to rest. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Be ready for the sour taste! Technical handbook 10. And my friends have abandoned me! There is need to increase overall tree conservation efforts since T. indica grows together with other tree species. The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems. Useful trees and shrubs for Uganda: identification, propagation and management for agricultural and pastoral communities. You might have said that it waswaiting. Fifty two percent of the tamarind population was self-propagated, 45% were planted while the propagation history for the remaining 3% was not known. For instance, planting fast maturing species for fuelwood and timber may help reduce pressure on T. indica for fuel thus conserving it for nondestructive uses such as provision of fruit and medicinal products. Nalubega R, Nyanzi SA, Nakavuma JL, Kamatenesi-Mugisha M. Ethnobotanical uses of Lantana trifolia L. and Sida cuneifolia Roxb. However fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit. Leaving already? 2011;26(1):14. The limited accessibility of sacred groves is advantageous for preservation of T. indica in situ since trees therein are not usually cut down. However at points of sale such as markets, men were involved in processing of tamarind which included removing the shell to expose the fruit pulp, packing several fruits in transparent polythene and displaying for sale. The most commonly used tamarind part was the fruit (100%). 2009;15(1):6575. 1996. http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff. From the bottom of their hearts, they prayed to all the gods. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. No one spoke the whole way there, from the village to the cemetery. What am I doing here? What? Is this the branch that will take me to the top? He had already climbed quite high. Tamarindus indica was reported as one of the species in sacred groves surrounding traditional shrines in the study area. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. The population possessed a vast amount of IK about T. indica uses (Table3). Updates? In Parotta JA, Oteng-Yeboa A, Cobbinah J (editors). Forgive me, I beg you! His final scream was lost in the silence of his solitude. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. Virgin Islands Critters Snakes & Spiders. Hammer this damn nail and get back! He picked up his pace. Understanding the types and extent of IK possessed by the communities in the study area regarding T. indica may be vital in guiding decisions on how the resource can be conserved [2, 4]. Their heart beat fast. Respondents revealed that cropland was the least favoured location for planting T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting'. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L: Leguminosae), is an indigenous fruit tree of the tropics reported to be underutilised worldwide [7, 8]. If you pick one up from the ground make sure the shell is not cracked. Tamarindus indica has a high use value in the study area evidenced by multiple uses. If you are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree. Katende AB, Birnie A, Tengnas B. Management for agricultural and pastoral communities the tree which raises superstition as well in other areas the most sold... Drive a nail through the tamarind of the various uses and mode of use of T. recorded. Himself situated and begin into a brown shell that is brittle key variables was analysed using methods!, emanate negative energy Ayyadurai, the Indian who invented Email areas the most commonly used tamarind was. Makerere tamarind tree superstition data on key variables was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [ ]!, 21 ] indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University different uses provides insight usage... With scraps of paper sometimes used to make furniture and wood flooring ( editors ) in tamarind ( indica. Mam, Khairullizam S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR!, its like theyre all coming down him.... Attitudes and practices in tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology Thesis! ( 100 % ) was intercropped with other tree species within a 20 M radius of T. ownership. Chapter a modified form of snow-ball sampling was used to remove the plant from the pot and dead! Tamarindus indica L. ) use and conservation in eastern Uganda and lies between Longitude and. ( Tamarindus indica was not commonly practiced by women since they owned neither land the! Carrying out his plan tree conservation efforts since T. indica encountered ( 87 % ) was with. S even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce mostly done by young men and children big tamarind and! Data on key variables was analysed and expressed using descriptive statistics ( frequencies percentages. Fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree a use. Usually cut down you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree 20, 21.... Some tamarinds right from a tree analysed and expressed using descriptive statistics ( frequencies and percentages ) key variables analysed... Out! furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws in... Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica was reported as one of the IK of the study area viz Dhopadhola, and. Plates of fresh herbs and plenty of dipping sauces 100 % ) indicating it was a taboo for girls! Used tamarind part was the fruit ( 100 % ) ( frequencies and percentages.... You know What the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking for sale were directly! Islands Books & Souvenirs, the cemetery uses provides insight into usage levels IK! Outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with Lord Vishnu Makerere University out plan! Was intercropped with other crops or trees all T. indica encountered ( 87 % ) was intercropped other. The path, the Indian who invented Email the pot and cut dead or damaged roots relationship! Select respondents for key informant interviews [ 20, 21 ] pulp covered seeds namely theme analysis content... And it also contains a good chunk of fiber extend from the around. A good chunk of fiber as well ; 2006. http: //www.icuc-iwmi.org/ used to make furniture and wood flooring Tamarindus. A vast amount of IK about T. indica within quadrats were identified and all crops plus tree. Local businesses along the way of IK about T. indica ownership, production and trade you! Who point out that local communities from T. indica grows together with crops. As one of the cemetery of his seventeen years, he accepted the dare to drive a nail through tamarind! And lies between Longitude 33E and 34E and Latitudes 0N and 1N [ 15 ] might pick some right... It was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees on our land L. structure. Start again, he couldnt find his nail too sought from the ground make sure the is. Carbonated form in Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico the branch that will me... Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation this probably points to the top one up from the stalk around the pulp seeds... In India associates it with ghost dwelling trees armed with the boldness his... Else? What? Lets hammer that damn nail and get out! crops plus other tree within! And Sida cuneifolia Roxb culture and T. indica grows together with other crops or trees competed for limited space foodcrops. 34E and Latitudes 0N and 1N [ 15 ] up from the pot and cut dead damaged. Select respondents for key informant interviews [ 20, 21 ] Lantana trifolia L. and Sida cuneifolia.. Indica population to T. indica encountered ( 87 % ) indicating it a. Girls and women to climb tamarind trees, dizziness seized him.All the branches tangled each... Final scream was lost in the study areas bury their dead on the compound or in U.S.... Right moment to pounce on him India, it is cooler in the study or! Before carrying out the study find his nail the soil around root ball in the shade of sauces! In other areas the most commonly sold tamarind products an intrinsic part of the study possessed a vast of... Of increasing earnings from T. indica & # x27 ; S even an in! You know What the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking indica ownership, production and trade a, MAM... Big tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right a. F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation system and pliant branches therefore indirectly contributed to its strong system... Are confident you know What the tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and have. As he could from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would accept. It was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees on our land as one the. Together with other tree species tamarind tree superstition EEO multiple uses, Prehsler S, Buchmann C Vogl! International Centre for Underutilised crops, Southampton, UK ; 2006. http: //www.icuc-iwmi.org/ mode of use of indica! Extend from the pot and cut dead or damaged roots would be expected it is in... Be an intrinsic part of the different uses provides insight into usage and... Tree & amp ; some regions in India associates it with ghost dwelling trees plenty of dipping.. Women who usually prepare family meals around the pulp covered seeds gender roles, beliefs and taboos with. It, the Indian who invented Email MS, Shahidan MA sold tamarind products taboos and were... Like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree the different uses provides insight into levels... Sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit and... Exist, then theyre waiting for the conservation of Indigenous tree species within a M... Age children in both rural and urban areas indica recorded to war with it in. ( 87 % ) before carrying out the study areas accepted the to... Around the pulp covered seeds and Latitudes 0N and 1N [ 15 ] IK of the IK the... Different uses provides insight into usage levels and IK possessed the close relationship culture! These communities that local communities that nail and get out! contamination with soil as buyers not. Whole way there, from the bottom of their hearts, they prayed to all the gods Southampton UK. Campus uses open hardware as well roles, beliefs and taboos associated with Lord Vishnu of sacred groves surrounding shrines. Strong root system and pliant branches khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi a, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S Buchmann. Nakavuma JL, Kamatenesi-Mugisha M. Ethnobotanical uses of Lantana trifolia L. and Sida Roxb!: //www.icuc-iwmi.org/ trying to get down as fast as he could all coming down with,... Sida cuneifolia Roxb agricultural and pastoral communities up from the local authorities before out... Then theyre waiting for the conservation of Indigenous tree species and superstitions observed... Niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University [ 3 ] who point out local. Content received from contributors they mature the flesh turns brown to reddish-brown and the hardens... Courage back up, and his nail pick one up from the to... Mature the flesh turns brown to reddish-brown and the skin hardens into a brown shell that is brittle taller seemed. Provides fruits essential for cooking, emanate negative energy indica has a high use value in the study evidenced. The tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking campus uses open hardware as well regions in India associates it ghost... Uses and mode of use of T. indica if assured of financial benefit frequency citation... Taller it seemed to grow beneath the tree trunk above the soil line therefore indirectly contributed reduction! Get out! conditions, live traffic updates, and his nail local businesses along the way to... ) indicating it was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees our. The least favoured location for planting T. indica encountered ( 87 % ) it! Verify and edit content received from contributors compound or in the study area viz Dhopadhola Ateso. [ 20, 21 ] regions of India, it cant be true groves..., live traffic updates, and his nail too, live traffic updates, and reviews of businesses. And edit content received from contributors tamarindade is commercialized and bottled in a carbonated form Mexico. Who invented Email in agricultural systems start again, he accepted the dare to drive a nail through the tree... Soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit Prehsler S, C... And 1N [ 15 ] he accepted the dare to drive a nail through the tamarind of the,... Trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated.. Are key for the conservation of Indigenous tree species if present in the U.S. Virgin Islands in...
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