gui was invented in what generation of computer

The invention of the silicon integrated circuit by Robert Noyce in 1958 allowed dozens of transistors to be put on a single chip. By using the mouse to position the computers cursor over an icon and then clicking a button on the mouse, a command would be instantly implementedan intuitively simpler, and generally quicker, process than typing commands. First, the potential benefits to science and industry of being able to automate routine calculations were appreciated, as they had not been a century earlier. This has led to the development of simpler interfaces making a design feature of two dimensionality such as exhibited by the Metro (Modern) UI first used in Windows 8 and the 2012 Gmail redesign. BeOS was developed on custom AT&T Hobbit-based computers before switching to PowerPC hardware by a team led by former Apple executive Jean-Louis Gasse as an alternative to Mac OS. c) Vacuum Tubes d) ULSI Microprocessor. The NeXTSTEP interface's most significant feature was the Dock, carried with some modification into Mac OS X, and had other minor interface details that some found made it easier and more intuitive to use than previous GUIs. It was fully mouse-driven, used a bit-mapped display for both text and graphics, included on-line help, and allowed the user to open a number of programs at once, each in its own window, and switch between them to multitask. There was no one inventor of the GUI; it evolved with the help of a series of innovators, each improving on a predecessors work. The first microprocessor was first introduced in 1971 by Intel, invented by their employee Ted Hoff. Corrections? Available commands are compiled together in menus, and actions are performed making gestures with the pointing device. In the first decade of the 21st century, the rapid development of GPUs led to a trend for the inclusion of 3D effects in window management. GUI (pronounced "gooey") uses a computer's processing capabilities to display information. Lucasfilm produces The Road to Point Reyes. The Intel chip housed thousands of integrated circuits. An operating system ( OS ) is software that manages computer hardware and system resources and provides the tools that . The GUI is usually WIMP-based, although occasionally other metaphors surface, such as those used in Microsoft Bob, 3dwm, File System Navigator, File System Visualizer, 3D Mailbox,[39][40] and GopherVR. Notebooks allow users to mix text, calculations, and graphs in the same interface which was previously impossible with a command-line interface. Which Electronic components are used in Fifth Generation Computers? This makes it easier for people with few computer skills to work with and use computer software. Tags UX Mobile UI graphical user interface (GUI), a computer program that enables a person to communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, visual metaphors, and pointing devices. A web user interface, or web-based graphical user interface, refers to the interaction between a user and software running on a web server wherein the user interface is the web browser and the web page it downloaded and rendered. Ever used the disk management in Windows? It also featured a significant redesign of the GUI, dubbed "Cairo". It was also bundled by other computer manufacturers and distributors, such as Amstrad. With Windows 98, the Active Desktop theme was introduced, allowing an HTML approach for the desktop, but this feature was coldly received by customers, who frequently disabled it. In 1986, the Commodore C64 home computer could run GEOS In 1986 also the Amiga ran Amiga OS 1.0 The x86 PC had it's first GUI also in 1986, but of the people that I knew, that had a PC, none used the GUI. [24] Nevertheless, it was a crucial influence on the contemporary development of Microsoft Windows.[25]. Like most PC GUIs of the time, it depended on a disk operating system such as TRSDOS or MS-DOS. The IBM DOS Shell included with IBM DOS 5.0 (circa 1992) supported both text display modes and actual graphics display modes, making it both a TUI and a GUI, depending on the chosen mode. Because of this, these devices have their own famed user interfaces and operating systems that have large homebrew communities dedicated to creating their own visual elements, such as icons, menus, wallpapers, and more. In 1979, the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center developed the first prototype for a GUI. At the end, Windows Vista definitively discontinued it, but put a new SideBar on the desktop. The idea had originated at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center in the 1970s, but Xerox was slow to commercialize it. They came in time to replace the electromechanical systems, which were way too slow for assigned tasks. (A 1968 demonstration of NLS became known as "The Mother of All Demos.") Bring e-mail to life! Originally known as a GUI (graphical user interface), the first personal computer that used a modern graphical user interface was the Xerox Alto, developed in 1973. The GUI has seen minor redesigns since, mainly the networking enabled Windows 3.11 and its Win32s 32-bit patch. User interface allowing interaction through graphical icons and visual indicators, "GUI" redirects here. Later they could invoke it with the CLI/SHELL command "LoadWB" which loaded Workbench GUI. PCs became more affordable and . Digital Research (DRI) created GEM as an add-on program for personal computers. But a CLI was included which dramatically extended the functionality of the platform. The Fifth Generation computers are the present generation of computers and are the most advanced ones which have made our lives more manageable and convenient. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Later, it was distributed with the best-sold Digital Research version of DOS for IBM PC compatibles, the DR-DOS 6.0. The application's executable files and resources are contained within the directory, but normally they remain hidden from the user. Nevertheless, as a medium of communication with machines, they would only build upon the revolutionary changes introduced by the graphical user interface. (The use of multiple tiles, or windows, on the screen could easily accommodate different documents, something that Bush thought crucial.) This was introduced in the Smalltalk programming environment. It was not a commercial product, but several thousand units were built and were heavily used at PARC, as well as other XEROX offices, and at several universities for many years. A GUI displays objects that convey information, and represent actions that can be taken by the user. Both Win95 and WinNT could run 32-bit applications, and could exploit the abilities of the Intel 80386 CPU, as the preemptive multitasking and up to 4GiB of linear address memory space. The input of this system was based on punched cards and paper tape; however, the output was displayed on printouts. There is still some controversy over the amount of influence that Xerox's PARC work, as opposed to previous academic research, had on the GUIs of the Apple Lisa and Macintosh, but it is clear that the influence was extensive, because first versions of Lisa GUIs even lacked icons. These chips made it possible for computers to fit on a desktop. While at the Stanford Research Institute (now known as SRI International), working on a U.S. Department of Defense grant, Engelbart formed the Augmentation Research Center. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation. In later revisions of graphical workstations, SGI switched to the X window system, which had been developed starting at MIT since 1984 and which became the standard for UNIX workstations. For both software and hardware 3D input/output devices, see, Three-dimensional graphical user interface, "UI" by itself is still usually pronounced, "the iPad could finally spark demand for the hitherto unsuccessful tablet PC" --Eaton, Nick, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of graphical user interface elements, "The GUI versus the Command Line: Which is better? The Alto greatly influenced the design of personal computers during the late 1970s and early 1980s, notably the Three Rivers PERQ, the Apple Lisa and Macintosh, and the first Sun workstations. In the 1970s, Engelbart's ideas were further refined and extended to graphics by researchers at Xerox PARC and specifically Alan Kay, who went beyond text-based hyperlinks and used a GUI as the main interface for the Smalltalk programming language, which ran on the Xerox Alto computer, released in 1973. It was first developed by T.S Kilby. [21] Little commercial software, beyond that included on the Welcome disk, was ever made available for the system, despite the claim by Acorn at the time that "the major software houses have worked with Acorn to make over 100 titles available on compilation discs at launch". Starting with Workbench 1.0, AmigaOS treated the Workbench as a backdrop, borderless window sitting atop a blank screen. Modern derivatives of Workbench are Ambient for MorphOS, Scalos, Workbench for AmigaOS 4 and Wanderer for AROS. The former is found on image search engines, where images appear with a fixed height but variable length, and is typically implemented with the CSS property and parameter display: inline-block;. The icons represented officelike activities such as retrieving files from folders and printing documents. [35][36], The GUIs familiar to most people as of the mid-late 2010s are Microsoft Windows, macOS, and the X Window System interfaces for desktop and laptop computers, and Android, Apple's iOS, Symbian, BlackBerry OS, Windows Phone/Windows 10 Mobile, Tizen, WebOS, and Firefox OS for handheld (smartphone) devices.[37][38]. Many environments and games use the methods of 3D graphics to project 3D GUI objects onto the screen. Nonetheless, some critics charged that, because of the higher costs and slower speeds, the GUI was more appropriate for children than for professionals and that the latter would continue to use the old command-line interface of Microsofts DOS (disk operating system). The Apple Lisa was released in 1983, and various windowing systems existed for DOS operating systems (including PC GEM and PC/GEOS). [31] The market's response was less than stellar. BeOS was later ported to Intel hardware. Command-line interfaces are more lightweight, as they only recall information necessary for a task; for example, no preview thumbnails or graphical rendering of web pages. With the introduction of AmigaOS 2.0, however, the user was free to select whether the main Workbench window appeared as a normally layered window, complete with a border and scrollbars, through a menu item. Newer automobiles use GUIs in their navigation systems and multimedia centers, or navigation multimedia center combinations. They represent the running application as a whole, irrespective of whether it has open windows. The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor. Which could keep our data safely? touch-screen based including the iPhone et al. Examples include automated teller machines (ATM), point of sale (POS) touchscreens at restaurants,[14] self-service checkouts used in a retail store, airline self-ticket and check-in, information kiosks in a public space, like a train station or a museum, and monitors or control screens in an embedded industrial application which employ a real-time operating system (RTOS). Each product came to have a bit-mapped screen and a sleek, palm-sized mouse (though for simplicity this used a single command button in contrast to the multiple buttons on the SRI and PARC versions). It used windows, icons, and menus (including the first fixed drop-down menu) to support commands such as opening files, deleting files, moving files, etc. Graphic User Interface (GUI) technology was exploited to offer more comfort to users. 12. Since the mid-2000s, a vast majority of portable devices have advanced to having high-screen resolutions and sizes. The new interface ideas found their way to a computer workstation called the Xerox Star, which was introduced in 1981. Inventors of the fourth generation of computers First Generation of Computers: 1940s-1950s: (Vacuum Tubes and Plugboards) First-generation computers were actually the first general-purpose and true digital computers. One major difference between other OS's of the time (and for some time after) was the Amiga's fully multi-tasking operating system, a powerful built-in animation system using a hardware blitter and copper and 4 channels of 26kHz 8-bit sampled sound. In 1986, the Apple IIgs was launched. In 2007, with the iPhone[38] and later in 2010 with the introduction of the iPad,[39] Apple popularized the post-WIMP style of interaction for multi-touch screens, with those devices considered to be milestones in the development of mobile devices.[40][41]. By starting a GUI wrapper, users can intuitively interact with, start, stop, and change its working parameters, through graphical icons and visual indicators of a desktop environment, for example. These support styles of interaction using more than one finger in contact with a display, which allows actions such as pinching and rotating, which are unsupported by one pointer and mouse.[18]. It came with several application programs like a calendar and word processor, and a cut-down version served as the basis for America Online's DOS client. 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