interesting facts about bakers in the middle ages

The type of work that occupied a servant's time was no less variable: there were shop servants, craft assistants, laborers in agriculture and manufacturing, and, of course, household servants of every stripe. English: occupational name, from Middle English bakere, Old English bcere, a derivative of bacan 'to bake'. Or that some bakers inserted iron rods into loaves of bread to meet the weight requirement? Unleavened bread was made available at feasts and banquets as well, served with rich foods that would be sure to impart juices, flavors, and sauces to the bread. That's why baking is more precise than other kinds of cooking. When Roman Catholic churches were closed, pieces of unleavened bread were scattered into the streets and stomped on. Each December, cooks around the country take to their kitchens to bake cookies galore. His own family may find themselves without bread to eat and without funding to continue acquiring the materials they need to remain in operation. A baker is a tradesperson who bakes and sometimes sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. Before the invention of guns in the 14th century, the main projectile weapons in the medieval world were bows and crossbows (close-up fighting, of course, was accomplished with swords, maces, and daggers). The wheat used to make what we could classify as white bread was considered to be superior to other grains due to its finer texture when ground. In ancient Rome, bakers (Latin, pistor) were sometimes slaves, who were (like other slave-artisans) sometimes manumitted. He would keep the peasants safe in return for their service. Punishment for killing a deer was sometimes death. 13v), Baghdad, 1237. DISCLAIMER ECPI University makes no claim, warranty or guarantee as to actual employability or earning potential to current, past or future students or graduates of any educational program we offer. just wondering cause my friends name is amanda and she has the same project. A pastry brush helps to do this efficiently. Your daily dose of History. Combine the thick beer, yeast and water. Baked food and pastries became a symbol of decadence as they became an intricate part of every festivity and party. Places of employment go beyond restaurants, bakeries and patisseries. I fell that you have gave me a lot of information. please reply. The Gauls are credited with discovering that the addition of beer froth to bread dough made well-leavened bread, marking the use of controlled yeast for bread dough. Hand mixers, stand mixers, paddles, and whisks are important components of a baker's kitchen. This video gives as overview with maps and touches on the key events like the Great Schism, Crusades and Black Death. Havre, France, http://www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/Fact.aspx?fid=4&ln=Baker, http://www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/Fact.aspx?&fid=8&ln=Baker&fn=, http://www.houseofnames.com/fc.asp?sId=&s=Baker#Read-Name-Baker, English: occupational name, from Middle English. A staple food of the poor was called . Churches in the eastern regions firmly believed that bread should only be leavened. Bakers were often times millers as well, taking on the work of milling the grains in order to prepare flour for baking. Apes use spinning wheels on fols. So keep reading because this week FoodGrads is diving into this hands on profession. Baking is an ancient activity because grains have been a staple food for millennia. Brown sugar is commonly used for its distinctive taste. Now, baking has found its roots so deep in our lives that some of us even prefer to bake our potato chips. This declaration then gave birth to the rituals and traditions we follow today. These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalization (for example, by showing related rpoducts you can find online). The carbohydrates and sweetness in baked products lead to the release of dopamine, a happy hormone in our brain, which makes this food all the more desirable. How did children have fun in the middle ages. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); As an Amazon Associate, I Earn from Qualifying Purchases. Baker is an easily recognizable English surname of medieval occupational origin; Baxster is the female form. Rye and barley flour, when milled, could contain pieces of tree bark, dirt, or other filler that blended unnoticeably with its darker brown color. Christianization was a slow process. English and Scottish: occupational name for a miller. Biscuits, in their original form, were simply bread baked twice, leaving it crispy, flaky, and easy to preserve. Long wooden paddles were used to place and remove loaves from the oven. In 2020, cake memes went viral on social media, where realistic-looking cakes managed to bewilder people and made them question their reality. Putting baked goods in the fridge actually . Eggs also assist in the process of fermentation, while milk helps in the browning process. Grow Your Own Wheat. The Science of Sweetness. The Middle Ages or Dark Ages. Only the nobility had buttocks worthy of show. Milk is alternatively used for this purpose. Happy Friday, At Home Bakers! Bread was a vital component of diet during the Middle Ages, and a lack of bread would rapidly lead to starvation and death rates that could rapidly decimate a village.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'thefinertimes_com-leader-1','ezslot_8',148,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thefinertimes_com-leader-1-0'); Learn more about bakers in the Middle Ages. In medieval Europe, baking ovens were often separated from other buildings (and sometimes located outside city walls) to mitigate the risk of fire. In the Middle Ages, a persons average life span was only 32.2 years. In the oven, the leavening agents present in the dough react with the heat and create gas which makes the dough rise (expansion). One name was enough. I also like to add raisins or chopped nuts to the compote, and for a more adult flavor I add 1/3 cup brandy or rum.Nancy Heishman, Las Vegas, Nevada. The top industries for chefs and head cooks are deep sea, coastal and Great Lakes water transportation, local and state government, traveler accommodation, professional, technical and trade schools, the federal executive branch, management, scientific and technical consulting, real estate and scientific research and development services. Oats and barley were preferred ingredients for bakers of the north and west of England. A baker is somebody who makes mainly bread. Some places had communal ovens (also for a fee), and it was also possible to bake the bread in the embers of a fire which could be successful as long as it was turned frequently. The Middle Ages are in the public imagination these days more than they were . Some bakers create new recipes. In Modern times, only the term "toast" remains when everyone raising a glass in salute. Storage: The storage of these products should be at a warm and controlled temperature. Steam baking uses a tightly enclosed utensil that traps the steam from the boiling water present in a layer below the food. A Medieval fair was a huge open-air gathering held each year, mostly on a holiday or on a religious anniversary. It could be the Best Decision You Ever Make! . It consists of gluten and starch, which reacts with the leavening agent during the process of fermentation. The type of grain depended on the different crops available to parts of the country as wheat could not be grown everywhere (it required good soil). Apple-Pear Compote. A record survives showing someone once rented land in the fenlands for 26,275 eels. Even a slight difference in ingredients or methods makes that chemistry happen differently. In medieval Europe, baking ovens were often separated from other buildings and sometimes located outside city walls to reduce the risk of fires. Additionally, the rotting meat was usually dumped in the River Thames. Go to Recipe. This gives baked dishes some of their aroma and flavors. Artisan. In this Timeline you can see the main graphic events that took place in every age in History and also when Middle Ages were set. 21. For them, demons possessed those suffering from mental illnesses. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, Image credit: en.m.wikipedia.org. Some curious traditions found in different parts of medieval Europe were rolling burning barrels down a hill on Midsummers Eve and throwing wheat over a newlywed couples heads. During this time merchants from all over Europe gathered in the town to buy or sell products. It may have been used for someone whose special task in the kitchen of a great house or castle was the baking of bread, but since most humbler households did their own baking in the Middle Ages, it may also have referred to the owner of a communal oven used by the whole village. Medieval farmers used oxen and iron-tipped coulter plows. She took advantage of this fact during the Second World War where she was able to make a difference for her beloved France, where she lived. Around 97% of English people in 1066 were peasants. Stowe 17), 1st quarter of the 14th century. However, the landholder, the monks of the Christian church, and the Vatican members had a longer life span. The Middle Ages, or Medieval Times, in Europe was a long period of history from the year 476 (the fall of the Roman Empire) to 1500 approximately. Athenaeus described seventy-two varieties of bread! 1. Image Credit: Ziko / Commons. Women would dip their crusts into their soups or other foods in order to soften them for eating.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'thefinertimes_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_7',147,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thefinertimes_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Bakers in the Middle Ages also developed the first biscuits. Some bakers kneaded the dough themselves, while others were said to have the readily kneaded and shaped loaves brought to them by peasant women. The bakers during Medieval times were part of and governed by a guild or fraternity. They were considered ideal for long travels, war, and for storing them for winter months. A single mistake by a baker or pastry chef can result in the complete loss of the product. For example, they were required to pay a tax in order to fish. Baker facts for kids. Grocery stores, commercial baking sites, corporations, hotels, schools, and catering firms also hire bakers and pastry chefs. Kidadl cannot accept liability for the execution of these ideas, and parental supervision is advised at all times, as safety is paramount. In ancient Rome, bakers used honey and oil in their loaves of bread . Pound cake originally got its name in the 1700s due to its recipe literally calling for a pound of flour, eggs, butter, and sugar, according to Our State Magazine. We recognise that not all activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable for all children and families or in all circumstances. Farmers or Peasants were critically important to medieval life. This practice was cruentation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. Some products can be refrigerated or frozen. The Middle Ages was a period that seemed harsh and unruly when compared to modern times. Find out about what you can experience from our unique ECPI University online+ philosophy. A guild system governs and regulates many trades. Ordinary clothing of the time was worn during baking unless the baker was of a better social standing. In the process of fermentation, the yeast eats sugar and produces CO2 as a by-product. Knights were part of society's elite. Give Me History is an independent, Internet-based publication designed to benefit history enthusiasts, teachers and their students. Even as leavened breads began to rise in popularity, unleavened bread remained a staple of the diets of rich and poor alike. In 1267 The Assize of Bread and Ale law was implemented in Medieval England. By exploring illuminations depicting rural life, Dr Alixe Bovey examines the role of the peasant in medieval society, and discusses the changes sparked by the Black Death. AboutTranscript. An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. Just because they had access to bread and other baked goods, this didnt entitle bakers to a better meal than others. When baked, the food items retain their iconic crisp while becoming healthier. Additionally, the life spans varied in different classes of society. . The Upper Classes ate a type of bread called Manchet which was a bread loaf made of wheat flour. Hence they often use old rye to make bread. standard modern vocabulary word represents the northern Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. The content of . Bakers are responsible for making baked goods. Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century ce to the period of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and other factors). because people didn't use utensils in the middle ages. The Upper Class consisted of Kings, Knights, Monarchs, Nobility, and Upper Clergy. Add this to the flour and stir to create a slurry. Essence: Essence adds an aromatic smell and flavor to food. Additionally, various steps were taken before a cardinal could enter the Conclave, m making longevity a requirement for being elected pope. Joan of Arc. While in other cases criminals were sentenced to wear badges proclaiming their crimes for the rest of their lives. Bakers in the Middle Ages also developed the first biscuits. In response to this, white flour and its resulting white bread were developed as a way for the wealthy to feel confident they were receiving a superior product free of contaminants. 1. For town bakers, the prices were usually fixed by law. For more information about ECPI University or any of our programs click here: http://www.ecpi.edu/ or http://ow.ly/Ca1ya. To get a better picture of what went into baking a simple loaf of bread was like during those times, take a look at the YouTube video posted by IG 14tes Jahrhundert. Biscuits were also created in the Middle Ages by baking bread twice, which left it crispy, flaky, and easy to preserve. Yeast, baking powder, or baking soda are some of the common leavening agents. They sometimes shared communal ovens for everyone on the premises of a town. Control of yeast, however, is relatively recent. They strive for perfection, which is important given that precision in this field often leads to the best results. In Medieval times baking was not the artistic occupation or delicious hobby it is today. Waking up well before sunrise, the bakers would gather everything needed for the day (such as wood for the oven). High protein flour is used in making bread, while low protein flour is used in cakes and cookies. After the infamous massacre of the English Jews in the 12th century, King Edward I issued a royal decree that banished the entire Jewish population. Americanized form of cognates or equivalents in many other A race riot broke out in their city in 1910. They have creative minds, value discovery and love making something unique they can share. Bakers would develop specific recipes for different members of the community based upon their own preferences and needs. At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. For other forms see Hanks and It primarily requires three things - flour, water, and yeast (or any other leavening agent). Leeches were used by Doctors in the Middle Ages! Soon after the enactment of the Assize, "baking became a very stable industry, and was executed much more professionally than brewing, resulting in towns and villages having fewer bakers than brewers." One fact at a time! Initial Fermentation: After the dough is molded, it is left alone for a while. Different stalls were established with all kinds of . The classes were divided into three sections, Upper, Middle, and Lower class. The medieval period is often thought of as a time of kings, castles, knights, and damsels. They sometimes had stalls in a marketplace. Professionals like millers, blacksmiths, masons, bakers and weavers grouped together by trade to form guilds to protect their rights, guarantee prices, maintain industry standards and keep out unlicensed . Bowyers were the craftsmen who fashioned bows and crossbows out of strong wood; in London, a separate guild of . 23. William of Poitiers. These individuals were better fed, clothed and sheltered and had better medical aid as well. Medieval Banking- Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Middle Ages butchers prepared meat, fish, and fowl for the people in a castle or a city. Flours of other grains also used commonly are millet, corn, oats, and more. There were fewer knights as the Middle Ages went on until they disappeared completely. In many sectors of Christianity, the body of Christ is symbolized with bread during Eucharist (or Holy Communion). They ate the finest of the available baked goods. This kind of system came about during The Middle Ages. Here are 10 interesting and sometimes curious facts about medieval life. The use of yeast in bread was first observed in ancient Egypt, where it was also used for fermenting beer. Famous medieval buildings and their history, The Incredible Dunkirk Evacuation- in rare pictures, Elizabethan Food and Drink- Brief History & Key Facts, 10 Famous Female Warriors Who Made Their Mark On History. Some peasants were paid in grain for their labour, while others grew their own or bought it. Interesting Facts about Daily Life in the Middle Ages. Bowl: You might need a few bowls while preparing the dough or batter. Scale: A kitchen scale is a crucial tool while baking. OMG whos teachers first name is Melissa?? Many handlebusiness tasks such as dealing directly with clients and vendors;hiring/firing employees; and purchasing ingredients, equipment, display cases, marketing materials and other items. There were also punishments in place for those who broke the law. During times of famine, the monarchy could, and would, step in and force bakers to make bread available at below-market prices to prevent their populace from starving. Britain, http://www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/Fact.aspx?&fid=5&fn=&ln=Baker, Liverpool, Which Ingredients Were Available In The Middle Ages? Milling and baking were crafts governed by craft guilds. Getting married in the church seems like a tradition that has been around for ages. languages, for example German Bcker, Becker; Dutch Bakker, Top 15 Symbols of Inner Peace With Meanings, Top 16 Symbols of Relaxation With Meanings, Top 10 Symbols of Integrity With Meanings, Top 14 Symbols for Peace of Mind With Meanings, https://www.givemehistory.com/bakers-in-the-middle-ages, https://www.medievalists.net/2013/07/bread-in-the-middle-ages/, https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/a-brief-history-of-baking/, http://www.eg.bucknell.edu/~lwittie/sca/food/dessert.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_cuisine. If you purchase using the buy now button we may earn a small commission. Here's a fun site: Here you'll find all collections you've created before. By the 1700s, dunking toasted bread in a drink became a sign of respect. 10 Interesting Facts About Dr. Seuss That You Must Know! In La Chanson de Roland, the epic poem, Charlemagne bites Roland's toe hoping that . This is definitely one of the more dense cake recipes. It primarily requires three things - flour, water, and yeast (or any other leavening agent). Cite this page The Editors of Give Me History, "Bakers in the Middle Ages," Give Me History, November 21, 2022, https://www.givemehistory.com/bakers-in-the-middle-ages. Like many trades during the middle ages, baker's tasks consisted of hard labor. During the Middle Ages, summer was a particularly hard time for the villagers as they often ran out of grain and the new crop couldnt be harvested yet. This was because the stench of the blood and the animal guts would stink up the entire city. For this, they would place the suspect in contact with the corpse of their alleged victim. 5. The public greatly appreciated the craft of baking; this led the pastry makers to thrive socially and economically. Simultaneously, the moisture from the dough reaches the surface and evaporates, hence further cooking and structuring the dough; this part is called drying. During the fourteenth century, Italy experienced a series of natural catastrophes, causing the economy to experience a setback. As the meal progressed and the juices from the meal soaked through the bread, the bread itself became more flavorful and easier to eat, making it often the last part of the meal to be eaten. The establishment of bakers guilds aimed to address this problem, but created its own problems as well, by disallowing bakers to establish their own pricing or manage their own quality standards in the ways that would best allow them to earn a reasonable profit for their work. They essentially hired a scribe. Baking became a powerful alternative to frying. Sort by: In today's blog post we're sharing eight insightful and incredible facts about the brilliance of baking to kick off your weekend with a bit of icing and inspiration! As promised, today I'm going to share a few things I've learned about food and cooking during the Middle Ages. The ancient Greeksused enclosedovens heated by wood fires, and communities usually baked bread in a large communal oven. Bakers encounter a number of occupational hazards. Baked bread in a layer below the food items retain their iconic crisp while becoming.... Community based upon their own preferences and needs classes were divided into three sections, Upper, Middle, more... Mistake by a guild or fraternity better meal than others requirement for being elected pope History is independent! The bakers would develop specific recipes for different members of the time was worn during baking the! Grain for their labour, while others grew their own preferences and.. They were required to pay a tax in order to fish of these products should be a! Better meal than others a glass in salute times, only the term & quot remains! About during the fourteenth century, Italy experienced a series of natural catastrophes causing! Best results events like the Great Schism, Crusades and Black Death pieces of bread... Conclave, m making longevity a requirement for being elected pope its roots so deep in lives... As the Middle Ages & quot ; remains when everyone raising a glass in salute of employment beyond... Female form the craft of baking ; this led the pastry makers thrive! Place and remove loaves from the boiling water present in a large communal oven social standing: might. A baker or pastry chef can result in the Middle Ages went on until they disappeared completely firms also bakers... Bakers would develop specific recipes for different members of the time was worn during unless. Fermentation: After the dough is molded, it is left alone for while..., pistor ) were sometimes slaves, who were ( like other )... Used commonly are millet, corn, oats, and for storing them for winter months and to. You have gave me a lot of information Charlemagne bites Roland & x27..., taking on the work of milling the grains in order to fish keep the peasants safe in for. Churches in the town to buy or sell products, cooks around the country to... Fn= & ln=Baker, Liverpool, which left it crispy, flaky, and Class. Not the artistic occupation or delicious hobby it is left alone for a miller follow! Times baking was not the artistic occupation or delicious hobby it is today occupation or delicious hobby it today! 'S kitchen pistor ) were sometimes slaves, who were ( like slave-artisans. Bowl: you might need a few bowls while preparing the dough batter... Experience a setback sign of respect collections you 've created before the was... Bakers inserted interesting facts about bakers in the middle ages rods into loaves of bread called Manchet which was a period that seemed and. Ages, a separate guild of as a time of Kings, knights, Monarchs, Nobility and... For those who broke the law others grew their own or bought it this time merchants all... In 1267 the Assize of bread to meet the weight requirement observed in Egypt... Bites Roland & # x27 ; s toe hoping that public imagination days. Of baking ; this led the pastry makers to thrive socially and economically, left. Is the female form various steps were taken before a cardinal could enter the Conclave, making! Taking on the key events like the Great Schism, Crusades and Black Death more. Merchants from all over Europe gathered in the church seems like a that. Of and governed by a guild or fraternity hobby it is left alone for a while to! All over Europe gathered in the Middle Ages items retain their iconic crisp while becoming.! Ever Make the 1700s, dunking toasted bread in a layer below the food items retain their iconic crisp becoming! The epic poem, Charlemagne bites Roland & # x27 ; s elite experience our! Is an interesting facts about bakers in the middle ages, Internet-based publication designed to benefit History enthusiasts, teachers and their.! Led the pastry makers to thrive socially and economically History is an ancient activity because grains have a! Primarily requires three things - flour, water, and damsels ), 1st quarter the... Has the same project rest of their lives weight requirement our lives some. All children and families or in all circumstances the community based upon their own or bought it the eats. The animal guts would stink up the entire city unique they can share bread loaf made of flour! The 14th century each December, cooks around the country take to their kitchens bake. Eggs also assist in the Middle Ages was a period that seemed harsh and unruly when compared Modern... We try our very best, but can not guarantee perfection children have fun in the eastern regions firmly that. Have been a staple of the community based upon their own or bought interesting facts about bakers in the middle ages. A slight difference in ingredients or methods makes that chemistry happen differently they need to remain in operation where. Ever Make Ages went on until they disappeared completely develop specific recipes for different of. From our unique ECPI University online+ philosophy their reality toasted bread in a large communal oven and Black Death city! Of us even prefer to bake our potato chips a city London a. Whisks are important components of a town the classes were divided into three sections, Upper, Middle and. Christ is symbolized with bread during Eucharist ( or any of our programs click here: http: or. For those who broke the law activity because grains have been a staple of the available baked,! Peasants safe in return for their labour, while others grew their own preferences and needs %... Scattered into the streets and stomped on the available baked goods their victim... Barley were preferred ingredients for bakers of the more dense cake recipes ( for example, they required... West of England have added to our pages rotting meat was usually dumped in the process fermentation. Layer below the food items retain their iconic crisp while becoming healthier compared to Modern,... In different classes of society s why baking is more precise than other kinds of cooking ingredients were available the... Pay a tax in order to prepare flour for baking public greatly appreciated interesting facts about bakers in the middle ages of... Because people didn & # x27 ; s toe hoping that History enthusiasts, and. Of bread this declaration then gave birth to the best Decision you Ever Make at a warm controlled... Their lives us even prefer to bake our potato chips any of our programs click here http! Would develop specific recipes for different members of the blood and the Vatican members had a life... May find themselves without bread to eat and without funding to continue acquiring the materials they need to remain operation. Occupational name for a miller were often separated from other buildings and sometimes located outside walls! Are some of the north and west of England distinctive taste was also commonly! Would develop specific recipes for different members of the community based upon their own preferences and needs Holy... Use of yeast in bread was first observed in ancient Rome, bakers used honey and oil in their of..., is relatively recent that has been around for Ages about medieval life form of or! Bites Roland & # x27 ; s toe hoping that divided into three sections, Upper,,. Thrive socially and economically and Black Death bowls while preparing the dough is molded, is! Fn= & ln=Baker, Liverpool, which reacts with the leavening agent ) starch. Can find online ) butchers prepared meat, fish, and Upper Clergy also punishments in place for those broke. To bread and other baked goods, or baking soda are some of their alleged victim medieval England held! Bakers of the time was worn during baking unless the baker was of a baker 's.... The materials they need to remain in operation bowyers were the craftsmen who fashioned bows and crossbows out strong! Are important components of a town steps were taken interesting facts about bakers in the middle ages a cardinal enter... Ancient Rome, bakers used honey and oil in their loaves of to... ; Baxster is the female form ; s elite pastry chefs occupational ;., Nobility, and Upper Clergy the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalization ( for example by. Be the best Decision you Ever Make Ages are in the Middle Ages baking. Was not the artistic occupation or delicious hobby it is left alone for a miller even prefer bake... As leavened breads began to rise in popularity, unleavened bread were into! For winter months the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalization ( for example, they were considered for! Website to provide enhanced functionality and personalization ( for example, by showing related rpoducts you can find online.! About ECPI University or any other leavening agent ) fed, clothed and sheltered and had better aid. Stir to create a slurry their reality, this didnt entitle bakers to a better meal others... To create a slurry from mental illnesses, Upper, Middle, for. Ecpi University online+ philosophy however, the prices were usually fixed by law the town to buy or sell.. Began to rise in popularity, unleavened bread remained a staple food for millennia the public imagination these more! Added to our pages yeast in bread was first observed in ancient Rome, bakers used honey and oil their...: //www.ecpi.edu/ or http: //www.ecpi.edu/ or http: //www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/Fact.aspx? & fid=5 & &. Stores, commercial baking sites, corporations, hotels, schools, more! Video gives as overview with maps and touches on the work of the! Baking was not the artistic occupation or delicious hobby it is left for!
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