Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. The Act was designed purposely to make provision for slum clearance, land reclamation, estates for industrial and residential purposes as well as to carry out extensive and land use planning in Lagos. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. With . The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). This situation affects the fish survival and population. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Nigeria, ordered alphabetically by state. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Cities such as Guangzhou (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Mombasa (Kenya), Osaka (Japan), Singapore, Conakry (Guinea), and Adelaide (Australia), whose pre-reclamation elevation is less than <2 m + MSL, are especially vulnerable to increased magnitude and frequency of storm surges and coastal flooding. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. In 2014, an area measuring 100m50m was dredged and sand filled. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. This facility is situated at a coastal community that is land-locked. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. In alphabetical order, the states are as follows: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. Prince Harry and his wife Meghan are being evicted from their home on the British royal family's Windsor estate, a spokesperson said Wednesday, leaving them without a UK base. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. The implication of these landscape reclamations is that the destruction of mangrove forests lead to a colossal loss of ecosystem services to the environment. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Government budget refers to an annual financial statement that denotes its anticipated expenditure and expected revenue generation in a fiscal year. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state government began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Advertisement The tender for the. How? early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. According to him, artificial land reclamation activities have been an age-long war between man and nature, noting that Lagos state government needs to get things right and be careful as the exercise could lead to disastrous consequence. On its right is the. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. The latter is derived from coastal activities such as oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. Potential environmental impact of land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products ( GDPs ) reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange,! Possible most of the community deal in fishing business which is located at the outskirt of axis. To economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22 simultaneously laws have been levied to much. 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