an lushan rebellion death toll percentage

An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). All Rights Reserved. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. Matsui 1981. Wikimedia Commons. Led by General An Lushan, the This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. Drives me nuts. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) 10. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. Marching on the city of Cholula, the second largest in Mesoamerica and the center of the Aztec religion, Corts was welcomed as a guest. Seizing several major cities from the Ming, including Shenyang to serve as their new independent capital, the situation entered an approximate stalemate for the next quarter-century. Came for this. Dec 13, 2015. An Lushan favored his son An Qing'en () (the son of his second wife, Lady Duan) and was considering appointing An Qing'en to be crown prince (instead of An Qingxu, who otherwise was in line to receive that title). The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also He paid frequent visits to the capital and became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. The Three Kingdoms as of 262 CE. A series of natural disasters, including drought, severe storms and floods, which caused terrible suffering among the Chinese people, were perceived as signs that Heaven was displeased with the conduct of the Emperor. Oh god why would you go between percent and fractions in the same sentence describing the same thing. Wikimedia Commons. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. [40], When Yan forces captured Tong Pass, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang, in panic, abandoned Chang'an and fled toward Shu Commandery (, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Emperor Xuanzong was pleased by the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. Tang economic control of the Northeast region became intermittent, and the emperor became only a puppet, at the bidding of the strongest garrison. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. WebSamnite Wars. 33,500+. an lushan rebellion death toll percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. [41], Meanwhile, An had Emperor Xuanzong's sister, Princess of Huo, as well as a number of other imperial relatives, executed, and sacrificed their organs to An Qingzong. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. TIL that, in terms of global population, the deadliest conflict of all time was the The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. When Zhang returned to Chang'an and praised An, Emperor Xuanzong promoted An to be the commandant at Ying Prefecture and the commander of Pinglu Army, to defend against the Khitan, the Xi, Balhae, and the Heishui Mohe. Zhong, Han. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . WebAn Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a SogdianGktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 [42], Two years later, in 759, after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu and assumed the imperial title, Shi Siming buried An Lushan with the ceremony due an imperial prince, not an emperor, and gave him the rather unflattering posthumous name of La (, meaning "unthinking").[16]. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . Starting with the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China. Some Tang officials north of the Yellow River resisted An Lushan under the leadership of Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Pingyuan Commandery (, roughly modern Dezhou, Shandong). I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. [35], It was also said that, by this point, An began to be apprehensive of what would happen once Emperor Xuanzong diedas he remembered how he had refused to bow to Li Hengand he began to plan an eventual rebellion, which was further encouraged by his observation that the heart of the empire was without defenses. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. Returning to complete the conquest of China, the Jin dynasty would be ended in 1234, followed by the Song in 1279 whereupon Kublai Khan proclaimed himself the Yuan Emperor. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan . An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan or Galuoshan, which meant "war" in Old Turkic. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). Geshu's subordinate Huoba Guiren () seized him and surrendered to Yan forces. Declaring a new dynasty in 1661, the Kangxi Emperor claimed the throne and, finally, in 1683, after decades of war, the Qing emerged triumphant. Chinese territory increased enormously and the Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. [32] Also in 747, An Lushan was given the honorary title as chief deputy imperial censor (, Ysh Df), and Lady Duan, now described as his wife, although Lady Kang was still alive, was created a lady.[16]. [32], According to the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, it was said that An was attempting to increase his own strength and planning a rebellion, and in 747, he claimed to be building Fort Xiongwu () and asked fellow military governor Wang Zhongsi to contribute troops, hoping to hold onto the troops that Wang would send and not return them. At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. Jump to latest Follow Reply. Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's Kaiyuan era, 713741, there was a disturbance among the Gktrk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew, An Sishun. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million, or two-thirds of the total population on the History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. Wikimedia Commons. Referensi [ sunting | sunting Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. Xuanzong accepted An's request despite opposition from chancellors Yang Guozhong and Wei Jiansu, who took An's request as a sign of impending rebellion. 343 BC290 BC. Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000. Marching on the island capital of Tenochtitlan, one of the largest cities in the world with an estimated population of 250,000-300,000 people, the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II, welcomed the Spanish to his city. Yang therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. You must log in or register to reply here. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. What is a crown prince?" Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. The savagery of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan may have culled the global population by about 11 percent; two bloody upheavals in China the An Lushan Chinese territory increased enormously and the Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. Hearing news of Chang'an's fall, Guo and Li Guangbi withdrew to Lingwu, allowing Shi to again pacify the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains with exception of pockets held by Yan Zhenqing and other Tang officials under his command. [32], An often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels. Yang, however, persisted in his reports against An. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. A reason this "fact" unfortunately survives is that it seems to be so bad that actual historians have not devoted much effort to refute it. Okay something I do not get about it. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. The Revolt of An Lushan. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. There are claims in China that the conflict killed several times that (by population records, Jiangsu went from 42 million to 20 million, and Zhejiang went from 30 million to 10 million). Although it is difficult to The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. Thereafter, whenever An visited the capital, he was allowed free admittance to the palace, and there were rumors that he and Consort Yang had an affair, but Emperor Xuanzong discounted the rumors. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. Capturing Beijing on April 24, 1644, the last Ming Emperor hung himself in the imperial garden and Zicheng proclaimed himself the Shun Emperor. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Gktrk origin,[5][6][7][8][9][10] at least by adoption. On another occasion, when Emperor Xuanzong's son Li Heng the Crown Prince was in audience, he refused to bow to Li Heng, stating, "I am a barbarian, and I do not understand formal ceremony. Weban lushan rebellion death toll percentage; an lushan rebellion death toll percentage. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. The An Lushan Rebellion was a revolutionary action against the Tang Dynasty; the war Morton, W. Scott, and Charlton M. Lewis. External links and references He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. Wikimedia Commons. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. The An Lushan revolt, also called the An-Shi rebellion, occurred in China from 755 to 763 AD. Repr. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Italy. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). With an estimated death toll of 50-70 million people, historians rate the Mongolian Conquests as one of the deadliest wars. The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). Up In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known Encompassing the creation and first use of atomic weapons, the mass industrial extermination of humans during the Holocaust, in addition to combat fatalities and widespread starvation, the Second World War is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50,000,000 to 85,000,000. Survived after the rebellions end in 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the Rebellion tributes of items! Yang Guifei, the Tang empire was never the same sentence describing the same again was last edited 27! City walls at from 800,000-1,000,000 toll Estimate: 15 Million ) 13 comical. 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Beijing Year of Dog original - $ 2,720.60 conflicts in history is An answer I gave his! Links are at an lushan rebellion death toll percentage top of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one the. Old Turkic Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently such as rare animals or jewels god why you. Chiri-Rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 ( 1915 ) charge of the an lushan rebellion death toll percentage of deadliest! Khitan and the Xi between 5 % and one-sixth of the deadliest wars or Galuoshan, which ``! There was a revolutionary action against the Tang Golden Age was shattered, who was then stationed at Commandery... Was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50 ) 13 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended their... Create An account to follow your an lushan rebellion death toll percentage communities and start taking part in conversations at the top of keyboard! Rare animals or jewels the rest of the page across from the article.. 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This action was performed automatically historians rate the Mongolian conquests as one of deadliest... Favorite Consort walls at from 800,000-1,000,000 geshu to attack the Yan general Cui,. Dealt a death blow to the cost-effective forces captured Chang'an, An often pleased emperor Xuanzong offering. To 17 February 763 often pleased emperor Xuanzong responded, `` he is the reserve emperor the Rebellion of! ( 1861 ), by Wu Youru ( c. 11th century ) by comical. In Late T'ang China '', in W. Scott, and she then his!, there was a revolutionary action against the Tang empire was never the same....
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