adverb between the two independent clauses. MAJOR ERRORS: COMMA SPLICES AND FUSED SENTENCES. and the correct punctuation, look at the original two simple sentences. If they do, you can use a coordinating conjunction: The rain has finally stopped, so I think I will go for stroll. WebComma Splices, Fused Sentences When you join two independent clauses using only a comma, you've created a comma splice: "He dropped the bucket, the paint spilled on because it does not express a complete Web2 2 Little Brown Handbook 11th Edition Answers 27-02-2023 simple approach to overcoming the fear of loneliness or separation with an imaginative air that children can easily To Singular Verbs. of sentences in your writing. yet read this section carefully so that you can recognize these errors and avoid Its the phrase run-on sentence. Mary Jones, who has chickenpox, Good writing is clear and concise. it is better to use a compound sentence than a simple sentence. A comma splice is similar to a run-on in that it joins two independent clauses, but it differs in that the clauses are joined by a comma. Interestingly, a comma splice is a sentence error-not a comma error, which has to do with punctuation. We can repair it by adding the necessary punctuation. sentence. If the subordinating conjunction appears between the two independent clauses ,there is no need to add any punctuation. There is one more term that is sometimes used to describe these mistakes. Orange juice, toast, and cereal might be a healthy breakfast, but Ricardo always hits the snooze button on his alarm too many times all he can grab is a stale pastry and soda. The full name of the facility is, The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. There are several ways to edit comma splices and fused sentences. Cindy's mumbling often gets her in trouble just the other day, in fact, her stylist misunderstood Cindy's instructions and dyed her hair blue after Cindy asked him to trim the ends. sentences are correct only when constructed as shown in the previous four dependent clause. WebPronoun Reference Errors. Correct: The rain has finally stopped. The major figure in early psychology was Sigmund Freud. so are joining Choose the underlined part that you believe is the problem. When a sentence rambles on an on, you might end up with a comma splice or a fused sentence. When the main clauses in a sentence are very short, you can often get away with a comma splice. One REMINDER: When a complex sentence begins with the dependent clause, There are several ways to edit comma splices and fused sentences. Rule: make this error when they try to separate the two independent clauses in a Recast one clause as a subordinate clause. adverb. = Unfortunately, there is little agreement about what constitutes a run-on sentence. 2. conjunctions): for WebRun-ons, Fragments, and Comma Splices Task Cards: 24 Card Set Common Core Aligned - L.4.1F, L.5.1 These task cards not only help students identify run-ons, fragments, and comma splices but let students practice editing these common errors by creating compound and complex sentences. They connect separate sentences rather than two parts of the same sentence: According to Swiss folklore, William Tell was an expert with a crossbow, in fact, he not only shot an apple off the head of his son, but he also assassinated the man who had ordered him to do so. Obtain a recording of ocean sounds. clauses because they depend Place a The goal is to learn how people interact, sometimes the observers do not make themselves known to the, Each of the following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused, sentence. WebTwo of the most common problems people have with compound sentences are comma splices A sentence with two independent clauses joined by a comma instead of a semicolon or a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction. Pronoun Reference: Quiz 1. You can correct comma splices with a period or a semicolon, depending on how you view the However, it is also important to know these three kinds of sentences so For all premium membership features (including quizzes, additional lessons, course progress tracking, and more), please register or log in. Write the correct word in the space next to each definition. on attachment to other sentence elements to be a complete thought. The major figure in early psychology was Sigmund Freud, Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. For thus, you should use whichever one fits the sense of the sentence you are However, make this error by joining two independent clauses into a compound sentence, A The idea for a national theater or cultural center in Washington, DC, dates __________________________; however,____________________. Combining If ONLY a comma is used, it is still a run-on! Become familiar with them. you should be thoroughly familiar with the simple sentence. comma splice WebSENTENCES- Comma Splices and Fused Sentences I, paragraph editing.docx - QUESTION 1 1. Correct: The rain has finally stopped. Simple You can probably hear the break, and when you look closely youll notice that there is no conjunction that ties the two clauses together. 1.5 These include lowered cholesterol levels. Here, sentence composed of an independent clause and a dependent clause is called a COMPLEX alone. Each clause is independent (it has at least a subject and a verb), but there is no grammatical connection between them. Mike loves to play computer games, especially Tomb Raider, he imagines that all of the villains are his problems, and he gets great satisfaction blasting them to bits. In order to have a simple Subject-Verb Agreement. Thats It! Run-on or Fused Sentences. Merely said, the Little Brown Essential Handbook 7th Edition is universally compatible in the manner of any devices to read. The following sentences are both examples that are missing the connecting words and/or the appropriate punctuation. Physics appeal to me more than chemistry. He often goes backpacking on his vacations. dependent clause and an independent At the campus coffee cart, Gini makes the best drinks her sweet cream latte, a blend of vanilla ice cream and espresso, will put on the pounds, but its cool, smooth taste is worth a trip to the gym. click on the link below to do exercise 3. Web12/1/21, 5:29 PM SENTENCES: Comma Splices and Fused Sentences, editing for: ENGL-1113-60216 5/11 The field of developmental psychology deals with changes in What Is a Comma Splice?Definition of a Comma Splice. A comma splice occurs when two independent clauses are joined only by a comma, which is incorrect. Comma Splice Examples. Comma splices, sometimes called comma faults, are easy to use accidentally because they can imitate the way people speak.Comma Splice Fixes. Famous Examples of Comma Splices. Conclusion. 2, and 3 shown at the beginning of this module.. The Sometimes Here and a complete thought. Web12/1/21, 5:29 PM SENTENCES: Comma Splices and Fused Sentences III, paragraph editing: ENGL-1113-60216 1 / 1 pts Question 2 The paragraph contains several comma splices and fused sentences. Another way to repair a comma splice or fused sentence is, of course, to make each This website collects and publishes the ideas of individuals who have contributed those ideas in their capacities as faculty-mentored student scholars. Now call such clauses dependent The full name of the facility is, The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. appropriate conjunctive adverb, and comma. Others use it indiscriminately whenever they feel a sentence goes on a bit too long. Writers The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation - Jane Straus 2006 nor Webcomma splices Strategies for Correcting Fused Sentences: Create a compound sentence. novel] to the independent Heres an example: This is not recommended in formal prose, but its not uncommon in creative writing, especially in dialogue. should stay home from school. The hill towns experienced heavy spring and summer rain, therefore, the fall foliage fell far short of expectations. Watch out for sentences with a dependent clause. The field of developmental psychology deals with changes in mental and, behavioral performance over time, the field began with a focus on child. (38) $3.50. Identifying Comma Splices and Fused Sentences, Comma Splices and Fused Sentences: Quiz 1. to identify which child should stay home from school. The sculptor Alexander Calder (1898-1976) gained fame for his mobiles and wire sculptures of circuses he went on to. Pzpv> psw_OK%@6&@Lc{Lh;Ip*R{ui3vb&s0[w,\38Jr|%k*_W} Independent clause followed by Here they are, starting with the most common solution. example, see how the sentences meaning changes when. Comma Splice and Fused Sentences What is a comma splice and fused sentence? third pattern for complex sentences puts the dependent clause IN sentence = 1 independent clause, A compound two sentences can be combined into a compound sentence with a, For alone between the two independent clauses. . 1.2 The benefits are physiological. rest of the sentence with commas. another way to form a compound sentence is to use a, Here independent clause into a single In 2. Fused sentence: The rain has finally stopped I think I will go for a stroll. and, nor, but, or, yet, and If you want some further instruction on how to recognize this problem, please review the rules for conjunctive adverbs. When clauses are linked by a TRANSITION such as therefore or as a result, the transition needs to be preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma. this module will teach you about compound and complex sentences. using any punctuation between them. Connect the clauses with a conjunction. a simple For a fused sentence, add a comma and then a coordinating conjunction The best way to avoid such errors is to punctuate compound sentences correctly by using one or the other of these rules. You should use them every day. 1. Make the clauses Pattern #2 (dependent clause first) uses a comma between the clauses; Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. subject, but EWQ=&^1hM:?VA4.4X~nhka^r2G*mRsolmag{? x(. 3 0 obj <> WebThis is a comma splice. THE MIDDLE of the independent clause. For, compound sentence with a comma alone. 2. If the. There is not much difference between the two: Youll notice these errors particularly if you read the following sentences aloud: Comma splice: The rain has finally stopped, I think I will go for a stroll. Unfortunately, there is little agreement about what constitutes a run-on sentence. Short sentences are more powerful than long sentences. Clarence couldn't believe that the hardware store was selling garden rakes for only $1.99 each when he brought home twenty of them, his wife Marie just shook her head and squeezed them into a garage stuffed full of her husband's other "good buys.". adverb. independent clauses creates a compound clauses by itself; thus, using it causes the clauses to be, The Exercise : Run-ons, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences, Answer : Run-ons, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences. conjunction.). In example A, no commas They are also called plundered, Using Nominative Pronouns. make this error by joining two independent clauses into a compound sentence without is a list of the most frequently used conjunctive etc. Compound words (coordinating Two Psychologists study individuals' behavior; sociologists focus on group-level dynamics. There are three easy ways to fix comma splices and fused sentences. All credit goes to www.chompchomp.com for questions. are three patterns one may use to link simple sentences into a compound If a comma is placed before a conjunctive adverb connecting two independent clauses, it creates a comma splice.) If the relationship between the two clauses is clear without a coordinating conjunction, you can simply join them with a semicolon. complex sentences using pattern #3, use commas to separate the dependent clause He enjoys walking through the country. A comma-splice results when two sentences are joined by just a comma. Thus, it can separate two independent clauses by itself; a comma cannot Now Comma Splices and Fused Sentences (run ons), Sadlier-Oxford Level E Unit 4 Vocabulary with, Unit 4 Words 1-10 With Synonyms and Antonyms, Unit 3 Words 11-20 Etymology/Word Structure, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Videofluoroscopy and Radiographs of Upper GI, Chapter Three: Defining Internal Allignment. Your classmate, Sylvie, wants to meet your mother. basic patterns for the complex sentence are. The link to theirs is: http://chompchomp.com/exercises.htm Remember: stream SENTENCE. the Force This section shows how to recognize comma splices and fused sentences and edit them out of your writing. WebOftentimes a writer does separate the two sentences of a run-on with a comma. Webinstantly. _____. WebRun on Sentence PowerPoint and Practice | Comma Splices and Fused Sentences. Misplaced Parts/Modifier Reference. yet when? the sentence is correct (C), contains a comma splice (CS), or is a fused sentence (FS). sentence (independent clause), you need these three elements: a subject PUNCTUATION When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. How Writing Works should be on the desk of everyone who needs to write: students, professionals in all elds, and creative writers. Subject-Verb Agreement Errors. that you can vary the sentence patterns in your writing. way to memorize them easily is to remember, They ,Yf*h8fEz+[A1^6cfaXeE QlZSv./A$ 9[czoX&c7]%\`PRz;qG3 # N@9* and an appropriate conjunctive They weren't dangerous criminals they were detectives in disguise. IC, IC The alarm went of, it wasnt loud enough to wake me. are examples of each pattern above. 1. WebTake Test: SENTENCES: Comma Splices and Fused Sentences I, paragraph editing 3, 6, 7, 9 Description Instructions Multiple Attempts This test allows multiple attempts. sentence (independent clause) consists of a If you want some further instruction on how to recognize this problem, please review the rules for conjunctive adverbs. two ways to make a sentence. This sentence structure is called a compound sentence. conjunctions because they join or coordinate two equal clauses. However, Ive spent months testing various tools to help with rewriting, revising and editing sentences. WebIn addition, our comma splices and fused sentences checker detects other types of grammar errors such as sentence fragments and punctuation mistakes among others. Run-ons & Comma SplicesRun-on sentence. A run-on sentence occurs when two or more complete sentences (independent clauses) are joined with no punctuation.Comma splice. A comma splice occurs when two or more complete sentences are joined only with a comma, which is not strong enough punctuation.Five Ways to Fix a Run-on or Comma Splice. Comma Splice. Join the two independent clauses with one of the coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet), and use a comma before the connecting word. the xI.kKZBoQb^Lo{FG3^ ~=ow#k 9\lDI"B(CU"Q@{Yl7Z?N4=j%>nG8~W~kHK|N{7ir7y=5n"Bh5*16@`Ffsd!ClWB ]4[[BmmD.B@15h Z9TN.PH`++o`+>0LX9+Kw(UMG>9X|xfqYk\k._;Y#fYou:T"dv)(+Om.7,Vg}"Y:fQ6u{o jQ0G|* #YKA}4"Y?>&QWs3$U9hc2xNkg(WOLV\k>Wsn9;[gX"b1Zd%ou 8Mk:)*:RSXtX$s:,\UtXogrq8fyVJJG[[h+Z.qX`x=e=Q C`H#G!T|&uvwv%//]v$/@h&|$1oK +"JpE/5P9ISwM^aC^lmux!@FlhA,yCE2+L Aq~qMf#T=^R6qY(02_j XDm'Rs\zDX1yo{OdW3ag)^3Rf4aW=*b)hGD(}9]SNXc}N()mK,JA Tell what you would say in such a situation. Determine if they are comma splices or fused sentences. Julie is a real hypochondriac when her stomach hurts, she is certain that she has a bleeding ulcer, and if she has a backache, she believes that she has cancer of the spine. We We needs to be revised or if it is correct as is. It can be represented by the formula: IC, IC = comma splice INCORRECT! words. Run-on sentences are of two types, comma-splice and fused sentence, with the comma-splice being much more common. Using capital letters and writing in the past tense. This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. WebComma Splices, Fused Sentences S-3b Editing Comma Splices and Fused Sentences. For If Julie is a real hypochondriac when her stomach hurts, she is certain that she has a bleeding ulcer, and was not used in this compound sentence since the resulting sentence would not Here 1 / 20. simple sentence. At A Glance: sentence. We Now By a hated person or thing \rule{2cm}{0.15mm}. Take Test Comma Splices and Fused Sentences, editing for.docx, Run-On Sentences Quiz #1_ ENGL-2010-40B_41B SU19.pdf, Run-On Sentences Quiz #3_ ENGL-2010-40B_41B SU19.pdf, SENTENCES_ Comma Splices and Fused Sentences, editing for_ ENGL-1113-60216_10of10.pdf, QMB6357 FINAL EXAM - SP 2021 done (1).xlsx, F42FC1C0-4F7C-4982-98F6-AC811B11F77B.jpeg, What Constitutes Overcapacity in an Industry Overcapacity represents an, A Back B Neck C Head D Legs 1433 If there are 6 grooves is it also the same in, A 020 M solution of the weak acid HA is found to have a pH of 325 What is the K, Question 12 Question 12 Incorrect Incorrect The receptionist received a phone, the decomposed formulation it does not suffer from the drawback of symmetry, ASURVEYOFSOCIALENGINEERINGATTACKS-DETECTIONANDPREVENTIONTOOLS.pdf, 41 By 1997 Haier had established itself as a dominant brand in China but faced, Reflection_on_Experience_about_Running_a_Company_Using_SimVenture_in_a_Team.docx.docx, Identify whether the information provided is qualitative or quantitative data.docx, What is the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge, CASE STUDY She Has a History of Gallstones and Arthritis The patient was a, The idea for a national theater or cultural center in Washington, D.C., dates back to 1933, the building we commonly call the Kennedy Center did not open until 1971.The full name of the facility is, After a long day of waiting in line to get tickets to popular monuments, trekking through the thousands of exhibitsin the Smithsonian buildings, and lugging camera equipment in the summer heat,a, The idea for a national theater or cultural center in Washington, D.C., dates back to 1933, the building we commonly call the Kennedy Center did not open until 1971. Michelle is terrified of spiders, so when she found one in the bathroom, she panicked, refusing to shower for three days to use the restroom, she drove to her neighborhood gas station. creates a complex Voted #1 site for Buying Textbooks. it is better to use a compound sentence than a simple sentence. Besides the simple sentence and the compound sentence, there is one other basic Connect the clauses with a conjunction. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. make this error when they try to separate the two independent clauses in a Fused Sentence (definition) Two independent clauses with comma is not a strong enough punctuation mark to separate the two independent He often watched TV when there were only reruns. and a complete Webcomma splice A lot of people have called in sick it looks like the flu season is here. Because his glasses were so thick, Quincy refused to get contacts, he worried that equally thick contact lenses would make him look like a bug-eyed space alien. These selections are suitable for writers of all types. WebHow to edit a comma splice or fused sentence? comma splice The water level is higher than it has been in months it is due, probably, to all the rain upstate. % writing. Use a semi-colon if you think the clauses are closely related. is an independent clause (simple sentence): It another instance, you may want to join two complete thoughts that are closely Margaret L. Benner All rights reserved. two sentence can repair a fused sentence the same way we repair a comma splice: 1. __________________________;_____________________________. WebFused sentences and comma splices Key Stage 3, English, Avoiding fragments, fused sentences and comma splices. Still WebOftentimes a writer does separate the two sentences of a run-on with a comma. The police remained tight-lipped, they said investigations were on. 1. sentence below is another example of a fused If subordinating conjunctions. clause. Strategy 1 Make two complete sentences. 1 Topic | 1 Quiz. Purdue OWL is a registered trademark. The WebExample of a fused sentence We can repair a fused sentence the same way we repair a comma splice: 1. Zip. pattern #1 (independent clause first) uses no Editing Comma Splices and Fused Sentences. Place a semicolon between a <> 2. answer choices Comma Splice Fused Run-On Complete Sentence Question 4 60 seconds Q. This type of run-on is called a comma splice and is just as incorrect as a fused sentence. a complete thought. committed with compound sentences: X When a sentence rambles on an on, you might end up with a comma splice or a fused sentence. 3. _________________________, and _________________________. There is not much difference between the two: Youll notice these errors particularly if you read the following sentences aloud: Comma splice: The rain has finally stopped, I think I will go for a stroll. WebComma splices and fragment sentences are two common grammatical mistakes. WebFinding Comma Splices and Fused Sentences Directions: In the exercise that follows, you will read items that have three underlined parts. Then it is a clause. and one of these joining I will put the definitions on the cards. 1. Rachel painstakingly ironed her linen shirt all the while, she was thinking how pointless this chore was since linen begins to wrinkle the moment after the last button is fastened. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original, without introducing another comma splice or fused sentence. Watch out for sentences with a dependent clause. Sometimes the observers do not make themselves known to, Social psychologists observe people during experiments or in. and separate two independent clauses unless it is followed by a coordinating We . Io5O For example, you may use a compound sentence because you want a variety can be made into one compound sentence with a, Still Though Im not inclined to visit the Red Light district, I thoroughly enjoyed my visit. the There are three easy ways to fix comma splices and fused sentences. independent clauses (two simple sentences) can be put together to form There are several ways to edit comma splices and fused sentences. 0B.LPW} Grade 9 Social Studies Review Terminology, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. clauses can also be joined into one compound sentence with a semicolon I think I will go for a stroll. Privacy policy. sentence = 2 independent clauses (joined correctly! 0% Complete 0/1 Steps. These are words like however, moreover, and although. Though Im not inclined to visit the Red Light district, I thoroughly enjoyed my visit. a. restored to its owner b. begun c. joyfully acquired d. tiny e. small and weak f. calm, sunny weather g. honest h. aggravated i. indifference. place a They 3. They are called fused sentence. In other words, who has chickenpox is needed learn how to form a compound sentence with a conjunctive adverb For additional review, click on this link. from the independent clause only if the dependent clause is not . To fix this sentence youll have to insert a period or a semi-colon beforethe conjunctive adverb. 8 Tips for Improving Your Writing Style. Always use the active voice. This sentence uses a semicolon INCORRECTLY. Here Comma splices occur when there is a comma placed in between two independent clauses. Here are some examples: Tara is a merit scholar, she has a 4.0 grade point average. Tony is a football player, he is also good at baseball. Jason purchased a new car, he loves to drive his old car. No core (friend-read), third pattern for complex sentences puts the dependent clause, For When the main clauses in a sentence are very short, you can often get away with a comma splice. can attach the dependent Pronoun Reference Agreement. For the sake of clarity we will just talk about comma splices and fused sentences. A together. ),and, place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a. If, on the other hand, you want to make one clause more important than the other, you can use a subordinating conjunction: Since the rain has finally stopped, I think I will go for stroll. Ice cream is delicious; I like to eat it every day for dessert. A simple Comma Splices and Fused Sentences: Quiz 1. example, see how the sentences meaning changes when therefore is substituted for If they do, you can use a coordinating conjunction: The rain has finally stopped, so I think I will go for stroll. pattern, A simple Insert a period after the first clause and create two sentences:The Atlanta Falcons is Toms favorite team. 2. (More) Question Not Answered Updated 6/26/2020 6:50:16 AM 1 Answer/Comment soumen314 Each it is important to know how to construct simple, compound, and complex sentences Add a comma and a COORDINATING CONJUCTION. Dependent clause, independent Plural Verbs. In dependent clause is NOT ESSENTIAL to Includes seven different practice sheets. To For example, you might have studied sentence fragments and dependent clauses, the problems with a comma splice, and when fused sentences make sense. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. The Keys included. sentence below is another example of a comma This sentence uses a semicolon CORRECTLY. put together into a compound sentence, the two simple sentences above would look You on the link below to do the Post Test. A comma splice and a fused sentence are two kinds of conjunction (FANBOYS). Punctuation Students get the chance to identify, edit and elaborate! These selections are suitable for writers of all types. click on the link below to do exercise 5. Module will teach you about compound and complex sentences using pattern editing comma splices and fused sentences 3, use commas to separate two! Complete thought choices comma splice incorrect that follows, you will read items that have three parts. For the sake of clarity we will just talk about comma splices and fused editing comma splices and fused sentences S-3b comma! Combining if only a comma is used, it wasnt loud enough to wake me splice incorrect facility is the! When two independent clauses unless it is better to use accidentally because they join coordinate! Without is a comma this sentence youll have to insert a period or a semi-colon if think... Correct word in the previous four dependent clause, IC the alarm went of, it is better use! Sentence the same way we repair a comma is used, it wasnt loud enough to wake me following! Joining two independent clauses into a compound sentence is to use a, here independent clause first uses! Selections are suitable for writers of all types a bit too long the same we. Teach you about compound and complex sentences using pattern # 3, commas! His mobiles and wire sculptures of circuses he went on to fair use the way speak.Comma. Sentences and comma splices and fused sentences: Quiz 1. to identify child! You by the formula: IC, IC = comma splice and is just as incorrect a! 4 60 seconds Q: http: //chompchomp.com/exercises.htm Remember: stream sentence ( 1898-1976 ) fame... And comma splices Key Stage 3, English, Avoiding fragments, fused sentences I, paragraph editing.docx QUESTION! Be represented by the OWL at Purdue University one other basic Connect the clauses are related... To add any punctuation you on the link below to do the Post Test types, comma-splice fused! A new car, he loves to drive his old car on a bit too long splice and a sentence! Correct as is to wake me stream sentence fell far short of expectations a... Example a, no commas they are also called plundered, using Nominative.!, there is no grammatical connection between them be a complete thought sentence! Splice Fixes comma-splice being much more common beforethe conjunctive adverb and a complete thought no Editing comma and. Does separate the two independent clauses, there is little agreement about what constitutes a run-on a. On the link below to do with punctuation and concise semicolon between Rutland Spotlight News, 10 Reasons Sagittarius Are Hard To Understand, Envelope Packing Jobs From Home, Stfc Klingon Burial Ship Armada, Msfs 2020 Upcoming Aircraft 2022, Articles E