Silent genes accumulate random mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless. Opposing views on evolutionary throwbacks are represented by34. Advertisements. Section 1 . Early 20th -century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards – it is just very unlikely. Evolutionary throwbacks might be caused by developmental problems in the womb. According to his analysis of the Bachia family tree, the toed species re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors and, what is more, digit loss and gain has occurred on more than one occasion over tens of millions of years. D His findings will apply to other species of South American lizards.Answer: A    Locate. Updated September 4, 2019 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 26 , which are based on Passage 210 below. On this page you can complete section 1. Not only are evolutionary throwbacks possible, they sometimes play an important role in the forward march of evolution. Which of the following does Wagner claim? B. the way it exemplifies Dollo’s law. What is said about ‘silent genes’? Q6 For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of … Wagner believes that Bachia lizards with toes had toeless ancestors.39. For example, in test 4 Cambridge IELTS 10, I found a real tricky, a way too technical passage about evolution. One possibility is that these traits are lost and then simply reappear, in much the same way that similar structures can independently arise in unrelated species, such as the dorsal fins of sharks and killer whales. Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards -it is just very unlikely. D. His findings will apply to other species of South American lizards. When evolution runs backwards. Dollo's findings and the convictions held by Lombroso. In 1994, Rudolf Raff and colleagues at Indiana University in the USA decided to use genetics to put a number on the probability of evolution going into reverse. ielts reading when evolution runs backwards. A. But as more and more examples come to light and modern genetics enters the scene, that principle is having to be rewritten. Answer with explanation, highlighted vocabularies of Cambridge 10 Reading, Test 4, Passage 3 – When evolution runs backwards Cambridge IELTS 11: Test 1 – Reading Passage 1 – Answer explanation with keyword tables & Translation Cambridge IELTS 10: Test 4 – Reading Passage 2 – Answer explanation with keyword tables & Translation Since then, so many other examples have been discovered that it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible. the possibility of evolution being reversible.G. Not only is the passage difficult, the questions are also challenging since the answers are more implicit, sometimes I cannot rely merely on the keywords and paraphrased keywords. Questions 37 – 40 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 211? In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that ‘an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realised in the ranks of its ancestors. After that, you can proceed to the next section. Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. So what’s going on? Questions 32-36 Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below. Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the lizards and was reactivated. The technical term for an evolutionary throwback is an ‘atavism’, from the Latin atavus, meaning forefather. Second nature reading practice test has 13 questions belongs to the Nature & Environment subject. The simplest explanation for this is that the axolotl lineage alone lost the ability to metamorphose, while others retained it. Cambridge IELTS 10 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanations. Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features. parallels drawn between behaviour and appearance.D. B it suggests that Raffs theory is correct. "IELTS Sample Answer & IELTS Preparation". The salamander example fits with Raff’s 10million-year time frame. D. it was based on many years of research.28. There’s a reason fire squads battling more frequent blazes in Southern California are having such difficulty containing the flames, despite better preparedness than ever and […] D. They can have an unlimited life span.30. CAMBRIDGE IELTS 10 - TEST 4 - READING READING PASSAGE 1 Question 1-6: ... mindful of a principle of evolution that says „evolution cannot run backwards‟, But as more and more”) 33. So, to explain these lines, for a long time, most biologists have been reluctant or rejected the possibility of evolution being reversible (throwback). In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that ‘an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realised in the ranks of its ancestors. Wagner was the first person to do research on South American lizards.38. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. B. Raff disagreed with the use of the term. there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards -it is just very unlikely. ‘I can see no other explanation, he wrote in 1921. When evolution runs backwards. But as more and more examples come to light and modern genetics enters the scene, that principle is having to be rewritten. D it was based on many years of research.Answer: C    Locate, 2. A Members of the Bachia lizard family have lost and regained certain features several times. Evidence shows that the evolution of the Bachia lizard is due to the environment. 6 ABCDEFG For a long time biologists rejectedAnswer: F    Locate7 ABCDEFG Opposing views on evolutionary throwbacks are represented byAnswer: G    Locate8 ABCDEFG Examples of evolutionary throwbacks have led toAnswer: A    Locate9 ABCDEFG The shark and killer whale are mentioned to exemplifyAnswer: B    Locate10 ABCDEFG One explanation for the findings of Wagner’s research isAnswer: D    Locate. The reading test contains 3 sections. When evolution runs backwards Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. We will get back to you shortly. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. The answer may lie in the womb. C They could lead to the re-emergence of certain characteristics. Early 20th-century biologists came to similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards – it is just very unlikely. For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says ‘evolution cannot run backwards. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. so many other examples have been discovered that it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible. Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features. C the amount of local controversy it caused. D. the reason given for its unusual features.29. Later in development these features disappear thanks to developmental programs that say ‘lose the leg’. Throwback is an ‘ atavism ’, from the Latin atavus, meaning.... C. it has lost and regained more than one ability years, can... 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