Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. [33] Artigas organized the Federal League under his protection, consisting of six provinces, four of which later became part of Argentina. [44] In general, the Terra government weakened or neutralized economic nationalism and social reform. [117] PLUNA was the flag carrier of Uruguay, and was headquartered in Carrasco. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. Montevideo, the country's capital, houses the most diverse selection of cultural activities. [103] Gross public sector debt contracted in the second quarter of 2010, after five consecutive periods of sustained increase, reaching $21.885billion US dollars, equivalent to 59.5% of the GDP. Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the Cuchilla Grande the climate is oceanic (Cfb). [47] Most were killed in Argentina and other neighboring countries, with 36 of them having been killed in Uruguay. [73] Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. Elder James W. McConkie III The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. First in Latin America on two out of three basic dimensions of the. (2011). [25] In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882. You may also like: Church announces new Hawaii Laie Mission Africa Central Area [145], Uruguay's capital has 12 synagogues, and a community of 20,000 Jews by 2011. WebUruguay and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ros and Corrientes, against the province of Buenos Aires; the third and by far the most important, in 186470, in alliance with Argentina and Uruguay, against Paraguay had their roots in the rivalry between Portugal and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. Other typical desserts include the Pastafrola (a type of cake filled with quince jelly), Chaj (meringue, sponge cake, whipped cream and fruits, typically peaches and strawberries are added). [163], Football is the most popular sport in Uruguay. [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. [51] Both presidents continued the economic structural reforms initiated after the reinstatement of democracy and other important reforms were aimed at improving the electoral system, social security, education, and public safety. [95], In 1991, the country experienced an increase in strikes to obtain wage compensation to offset inflation and to oppose the privatizations desired by the government of Luis Alberto Lacalle. Mission President. [99] The economy grew at an annual rate of 6.7% during the 20042008 period. [105] Uruguay was ranked 65th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 62nd in 2019.[106][107][108][109]. [151], In 2001, Uruguayan Sign Language (LSU) was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378. In 1994 and 1995, Uruguay faced economic difficulties caused by the liberalization of foreign trade, which increased the trade deficit. [86][87] In November 2010, Uruguay and Argentina announced they had reached a final agreement for joint environmental monitoring of the pulp mill.[88]. Brazil and Uruguay have signed cooperation agreements on defence, science, technology, energy, river transportation and fishing, with the hope of accelerating political and economic integration between these two neighbouring countries. [112], In 2013, 2.8million tourists entered Uruguay, of whom 59% came from Argentina and 14% from Brazil, with Chileans, Paraguayans, North Americans and Europeans accounting for most of the remainder.[112]. The country has several international bus services[123] connecting the capital and frontier localities to neighboring countries. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. The country experiences the four seasons, with summer being from December to March and winter from June to September. Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain and Italy,[32] and to a lesser degree Germany, France and Britain. The Mansa is more suited for sunbathing, snorkeling, & other low-key recreational opportunities, while the Brava is more suited for adventurous sports, such as surfing. Please let us know how we can help. The period marked the culmination of a process aimed at a neoliberal reorientation of the country's economy: deindustrialization, pressure on wages, growth of informal work, etc. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. WebUruguay. [36], In accordance with the 1851 treaties, Brazil intervened militarily in Uruguay as often as it deemed necessary. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage, and rotation with crops such as rice. Historical monuments such as Torres Garcia Museum as well as Estadio Centenario, which housed the first world cup in history, are examples. [25] The candombe is a folk dance performed at Carnival, especially Uruguayan Carnival, mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. [136] 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. [27], There is an extensive group of thousands of man-made tumuli known as "Pechito Paloma" in the eastern part of the country, some of them dating back to 5,000 years ago. The conflict would last 13 years and become known as the Guerra Grande (the Great War). Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). WebLead Material Analyst. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). The Brazilian intervention in May 1851 on behalf of the Colorados, combined with the uprising, changed the situation and Oribe was defeated. [121] Passenger service was then discontinued in 1988. The two countries disagree on which tributary represents the legitimate source of the Quara/Cuareim River, which would define the border in the latter disputed section, according to the 1851 border treaty between the two countries. The members of the Supreme Court are elected by the General Assembly; the members of the Bench are selected by the Supreme Court with the consent of the Senate, and the Judges are directly assigned by the Supreme Court. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. [64] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.61/10, ranking it 147th globally out of 172 countries. [99] El Da was the nation's most prestigious paper until its demise in the early 1990s, founded in 1886 by the Colorado party leader and (later) president Jos Batlle y Ordez. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. [45] The Admiral Graf Spee took refuge in Montevideo, claiming sanctuary in a neutral port, but was later ordered out.[45]. [170], Football was taken to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the late 19th century. Most farms (25,500 out of 39,120) are family-managed; beef and wool represent the main activities and main source of income for 65% of them, followed by vegetable farming at 12%, dairy farming at 11%, hogs at 2%, and poultry also at 2%. [125], The Telecommunications industry is more developed than in most other Latin American countries, being the first country in the Americas to achieve complete digital telephone coverage in 1997. Between 1875 and 1890, the military became the center of power. Uruguay Members 102999 Congregations 143 Missions 2 Family History Centers WebThe economy of Uruguay features an export-oriented agricultural sector and a well-educated workforce, along with high levels of social spending. [153], Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the Ministry of Education and Culture, which coordinates education policies, the National Public Education Administration, which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education, and the University of the Republic, responsible for higher education. WebEntdecke Uruguay Erstflugabdeckung Montevideo nach Buenos Aires Argentinien 1960 Boac in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! [25] One of the most famous tangos, "La cumparsita" (1917), was written by the Uruguayan composer Gerardo Matos Rodrguez. [25] Its median age is 35.3 years, is higher than the global average[32] due to its low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration among younger people. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. In November 2019 Luis Lacalle Pou won a five-year presidential term in a free and fair election. [166], The Uruguay national football team has won the FIFA World Cup on two occasions. [143], Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas. manufacturing plant. [121] In 1949, the government nationalized the railways, along with the electric trams and the Montevideo Waterworks Company. [24] Official statistics from Uruguay's Agriculture and Livestock Ministry indicate that meat and sheep farming in Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land. Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. For Uruguay, Argentine tourism is key, since it represents 56% of the external tourism they receive each year and 70% during the summer months. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. On the map, surrounded by its large neighbors, Uruguay seems tiny, writes contemporary Uruguayan historian and novelist Eduardo Galeano. [142] Among the sizeable Armenian community in Montevideo, the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Armenian Apostolic. At the other extreme, 38% of farmers exploit small lots and have herds averaging below one hundred head. Montevideo, which was used as a supply station by the Brazilian navy, experienced a period of prosperity and relative calm during the war. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches 514 metres (1,686ft) AMSL in the Sierra Carap hill range. The number of union members has quadrupled since 2003, rising from 110,000 to more than 400,000 in 2015 for a working population of 1.5 million.According to the International Trade Union Confederation, Uruguay has become the most advanced country in the Americas in terms of respect for "fundamental labour rights, in particular the freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining and the right to strike. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. [42] The economy reflected a steep upswing (if demonstrated graphically, above all other related economic determinants), in livestock raising and exports. [167] Uruguay has won the Copa Amrica (an international tournament for South American nations and guests) 15 times, such as Argentina, the last one in 2011. English is common in the business world and its study has risen significantly in recent years, especially among the young. [134], From 1963 to 1985, an estimated 320,000 Uruguayans emigrated. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. [135] The most popular destinations for Uruguayan emigrants are Argentina, followed by the United States, Australia, Canada, Spain, Italy and France. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. [147], Uruguayan Spanish, as is the case with neighboring Argentina, employs both voseo and yesmo (with [] or []). [124] Namely, 17 destinations in Argentina[note 3]; 12 destinations in Brazil[note 5] and the capital cities of Chile and Paraguay. The small numbers of Uruguay's indigenous peoples and their fierce resistance to proselytism reduced the influence of the ecclesiastical authorities. Uruguay has about 1,200km (750mi) of operational railroad track. Ryan K. Olsen Region. Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. On the economic front, the Batlle government (20002005) began negotiations with the United States to create the "Free Trade Area of the Americas" (FTAA). He has worked as an attorney and business executive. [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. He drew from both Timbuktu and Mykonos to create his best-known work: his home, hotel and atelier Casapueblo near Punta del Este. [32] Enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. [25] Besides stressing the importance of upholding spiritual over materialistic values, it also stresses resisting cultural dominance by Europe and the United States. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo West. [111], The tourism industry in Uruguay is an important part of its economy. Uruguay extendi la emergencia agropecuaria hasta fines de abril y agreg ms rubros productivos La medida incluye prstamos blandos, aplazamientos de impuestos y rebaja en tarifas de servicios The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. As commodity prices soared and the economy recovered from the recession, he tripled foreign investment, cut poverty and unemployment, cut public debt from 79% of GDP to 60%, and kept inflation steady. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. [50], A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum. [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. Uruguayan food culture comes mostly from the European cuisine culture. Diego Forln was presented with the Golden Ball award as the best player of the 2010 tournament. WebUruguay - Uruguay - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway. [111] However, 54% is in the hands of 11% of farmers, who have a minimum of 500 head. Drawing on Switzerland and its use of the initiative, the Uruguayan Constitution also allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution by popular initiative, which culminates in a nationwide referendum. [48] According to Edy Kaufman (cited by David Altman[49]), Uruguay at the time had the highest per capita number of political prisoners in the world. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. Over 1,000,000 pictures Newport News, Virginia, United States. general assessment: Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fixed-line teledensity is also particularly high for the region, while mobile penetration is the second highest after Panama; in terms of computer penetration, Uruguay tops all other countries in the region by a considerable margin, and this has facilitated growth in fixed-line broadband [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. [41], After the Guerra Grande, there was a sharp rise in the number of immigrants, primarily from Italy and Spain. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. [150] The major internal river is the Ro Negro ('Black River'). It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. [53], Vzquez, who assumed the government in March 2005, created the Ministry of Social Development and sought to reduce the country's poverty rate with a $240million National Plan to Address the Social Emergency (PANES), which provided a monthly conditional cash transfer of approximately $75 to over 100,000 households in extreme poverty. For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. Rock and roll first broke into Uruguayan audiences with the arrival of the Beatles and other British bands in the early 1960s. A 2010 Latinobarmetro poll found that, within Latin America, Uruguayans are among the most supportive of democracy and by far the most satisfied with the way democracy works in their country. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". Although Argentine holidaymakers are an important target market for tourism in Uruguay, in recent years the country has managed to position itself as an important tourist destination to other markets, receiving a high flow of visitors from countries such as Brazil, Paraguay and the United States, among others. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. The Uruguayan parties received support from warring political factions in neighboring Argentina, which became involved in Uruguayan affairs. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. By mid-2015, the Uruguayan bands Rombai and Mrama of the emerging subgenres "cumbia cheta" and "cumbia pop[es]" enjoyed great success all over Latin America even before publishing their first albums; particularly in their home country and in Argentina, where in a given moment they had together nine songs at the Spotify Top Ten ranking. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. WebUruguay ist nach Suriname der zweitkleinste Staat Sdamerikas. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. The rest of the urban population lives in about 30 towns. [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. Uruguay is bordered by two large neighbors, Brazil and Argentina. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. Venezuela had a deal to sell Uruguay up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day under preferential terms. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. In September 2019, the previous left-wing government of Uruguay had withdrawn from TIAR as a response to the very critical view of Venezuela the other members of the regional defense agreement had. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. [32] Colorado Party leader Julio Mara Sanguinetti won the presidency and served from 1985 to 1990. Its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial area competing with Ro de la Plata's capital, Buenos Aires. The nation borders Brazil to the east and north and Argentina to the west. Sanguinetti was then re-elected in 1994. Government forces emerged victorious, leading to the end of the co-participation politics that had begun in 1872. Uruguay no longer imports electricity. [25], Abstract painter and sculptor Carlos Pez Vilar was a prominent Uruguayan artist. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". [ 121 ] in general, the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Armenian Apostolic Vilar a... Events, was the flag carrier of Uruguay under Law 17.378 to conscript in.. However, 54 % is in the early 18th century because of the Beatles and other British in... Coast of Uruguay difficulties caused by the natives of the United Nations, OAS and! Authority to conscript in emergencies to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the Freedom ``. 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